The Conception of Pain in José Martí

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is a phenomenon that has always been vitally important for understanding the human condition and the development of medicine. It is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with or like that associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Notable Cuban figures have reflected on pain, despite not belonging to the medical profession, among whom José Martí stands out.

Objective: To present José Martí's main ideas on human pain as a form of personal growth and resilience in the face of adversity.

Methods: From a theoretical perspective, documentary review, systematization, and logical history were used to establish regularities among the research that addressed the object of study. In addition, a bibliographic review was conducted in SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, where 23 references from various sources related to the research topic were selected.

Development: In several works, José Martí reflected on his considerations about human pain, describing it as an experience that forges character, as an intrinsic and inevitable part of life, constituting a source of inspiration for artistic creation, and highlighting how suffering can enrich and deepen poetic and literary expression. In his writings, he criticized the display of personal suffering and instead praised dignity and strength in the face of pain.

Conclusions: In Martí's worldview, pain is part of a multilayered experience of human life, which contributes to fostering growth and resilience. He emphasizes the importance of empathy and emotional support to alleviate the impact of distressing situations. He emphasizes that acknowledging and validating suffering are essential to mitigating its effects.